A recent study by the University of Toronto reveals that low-calorie diets may increase the risk of depression, especially among men and overweight individuals. Researchers link this to nutritional deficiencies and ineffective weight loss.
The study, published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, analyzed health data from 28,528 adults in the United States over a decade. Participants reported their eating habits, dieting status, and underwent clinical assessments for depression.
Results showed that people on low-calorie diets had higher scores for depressive symptoms. These symptoms included feeling tired, difficulty concentrating, and losing interest or pleasure in activities. Experts say this may be because restricting calories often causes a lack of essential nutrients like proteins and vitamins. These nutrients are important for brain health and mood regulation.
Researchers also noted that the brain needs a steady supply of glucose and omega-3 fatty acids to function well. Without these, brain function can worsen, leading to mood declines. The study suggested that inconsistent weight loss or repeated dieting may further increase depression risks.
Interestingly, the study found that men experienced stronger negative mental effects from dieting than women. While both genders showed mood drops, men reported worse mental health outcomes. One reason could be men’s greater nutritional needs, making calorie restriction more harmful. It’s also possible that men find dieting harder to maintain.
The research also confirmed that low-calorie diets were more common in overweight or obese participants, who also showed more signs of depression compared to those not dieting.
This study contrasts with earlier research that suggested some low-calorie diets could improve mood. However, those earlier studies took place in controlled settings with balanced diets. In the real world, diets are often more restrictive and lack essential nutrients, which can harm mental health.
Experts emphasize that healthy eating matters more than simply cutting calories. Diets rich in whole, minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, lean proteins, and fish have been linked to lower depression risk. In contrast, diets high in ultra-processed foods, refined carbs, saturated fats, processed meats, and sweets increase depression risk.
The study warns that people need to follow truly healthy eating patterns to reduce depression risks. Real-life diets are complex and not just about choosing “healthy” or “unhealthy” food groups.
In summary, the key message is clear: focusing on proper nutrition is essential for both mental and physical well-being. Cutting calories alone, especially without balanced nutrients, may do more harm than good.
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