Weight-loss medications are becoming increasingly popular, with predictions suggesting the global market for these drugs could reach \$150 billion by 2035. GLP-1 agonists, such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound, are designed to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recent studies have also linked these medications to additional benefits, including reduced risks of heart disease and dementia. Despite these advantages, only 3% of eligible adults are currently receiving prescriptions, according to recent research from Yale.
Dr. John Anderson, an internal medicine physician and diabetes specialist at the Frist Clinic in Nashville, Tennessee, emphasized that most adults with obesity are good candidates for these drugs. He added that those with obesity and other health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, are particularly in need of these treatments.
However, before starting any weight-loss medication, Dr. Michael Aziz, a board-certified internist in New York City, advises patients to first make lifestyle changes, including improving their diet, exercise habits, sleep, and stress management. He noted that weight-loss medications are typically covered by insurance for patients with a body mass index (BMI) over 27, which qualifies as overweight. Those with a BMI over 30 are considered obese.
Doctors argue that early intervention for obesity is crucial, as untreated obesity is linked to over 200 comorbidities, including heart disease and diabetes. GLP-1 agonists have been shown to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 94%, and they can significantly lower the risk of major cardiovascular events.
Dr. Wiljon Beltre, a bariatric surgeon in Orlando, Florida, believes that GLP-1 medications can benefit patients even with lower levels of obesity, particularly those who experience rapid weight loss and quick improvements. Additionally, ongoing research is exploring the potential for these medications to treat conditions like alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, and liver disease.
These drugs work by slowing the emptying of the stomach and curbing appetite through feedback to the brain’s hypothalamus. Some studies also suggest that they may reduce alcohol cravings by affecting the brain’s reward center. While more research is needed, these effects could offer a life-changing option for individuals battling addiction.
GLP-1 medications also show promise in reducing the risks of heart attack and stroke by 20%, while helping to reverse fatty liver disease and improve sleep apnea. However, patients may experience gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea, especially during dose escalation. Most people can tolerate these side effects over time.
While weight-loss medications are not a “magic bullet,” Dr. Beltre stressed that they work best when combined with healthy eating and exercise. Additionally, patients should understand that these medications are not meant for long-term use. Despite the potential side effects, many patients report significant improvements in their quality of life, such as increased activity levels, reduced need for knee replacements, and the ability to discontinue blood pressure medications.
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